Gukoresha Umuringa mu nganda zoroheje

Gushyira mu bikorwaUmuringamu nganda
Muri iki gihe cyahinduye amakuru muri societe, gukoresha impapuro ni nini.Urupapuro rusa nkaho rworoshye hejuru, ariko inzira yo gukora impapuro iragoye cyane, bisaba intambwe nyinshi no gukoresha imashini nyinshi, zirimo gukonjesha, guhumeka, gukubita, imashini zimpapuro, nibindi byinshi.Byinshi muribi bice, nka: imiyoboro itandukanye yo guhanahana ubushyuhe, kuzunguruka, guhanagura utubari, pompe zidafite amazi na meshes, ahanini bikozwe mubyuma.Kurugero, imashini ikoreshwa ya Fourdrinier isanzwe isuka ifu yateguwe kumyenda yihuta yihuta hamwe na meshes nziza (mesh 40-60).Urushundura rukozwe mu muringa na fosifore y'umuringa, kandi ni rugari cyane, muri rusange hejuru ya metero 6, kandi rugomba guhora rugororotse neza.Urushundura rugenda hejuru yuruhererekane rwumuringa muto cyangwa umuringa, kandi uko runyuze hamwe na pompe rwatewe, ubushuhe bwakuwe munsi.Mesh iranyeganyega icyarimwe kugirango ihuze fibre ntoya muri pulp hamwe.Imashini nini zimpapuro zifite ubunini bunini bwa mesh, kugeza kuri metero 26 z'uburebure (metero 8.1) z'ubugari na metero 100 (metero 3,5).Amazi atose ntabwo arimo amazi gusa, ahubwo arimo imiti ikoreshwa mugukora impapuro, yangirika cyane.Kugirango hamenyekane ubwiza bwimpapuro, ibisabwa kubikoresho bya mesh birakomeye cyane, ntabwo ari imbaraga nyinshi gusa kandi byoroshye, ariko kandi birwanya no kwangirika kwa pulp, amavuta y'umuringa arashoboye rwose.
Gukoresha umuringa mu nganda zicapa
Mu gucapa, isahani y'umuringa ikoreshwa mu gufotora.Nyuma yuko isahani yumuringa isizwe hejuru yubukangurambaga hamwe na emulsiyo yumutima, hakorwa ishusho yifoto.Isahani yumuringa ifotora igomba gushyuha kugirango ikomere.Kugira ngo wirinde koroshya ubushyuhe, akenshi umuringa urimo ifeza nkeya cyangwa arsenic kugirango wongere ubushyuhe bworoshye.Hanyuma, isahani irashizweho kugirango ikore ubuso bwacapwe hamwe nudusanduku twa convex na convex yatanzwe.Ubundi buryo bukoreshwa bwumuringa mugucapura nugukora igishushanyo mugutondekanya imyandikire yumuringa kumashini yandika.Ubwoko bwo guhagarika busanzwe buyobowe n'umuringa, rimwe na rimwe umuringa cyangwa umuringa.
Gukoresha umuringa mu nganda zamasaha
Amasaha, igihe cyagenwe nibikoresho bifite uburyo bwo gukora amasaha kuri ubu bikorerwa aho igice kinini cyakazi gikozwe muri "bronze horologique".Amavuta arimo 1.5-2% ayobora, afite uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya kandi akwiriye kubyara umusaruro.Kurugero, ibikoresho byaciwe mubiti birebire bikozwe mu muringa, ibiziga bisobekeranye bikubitwa kuva ku burebure bujyanye, umuringa cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bivangwa n'umuringa bikoreshwa mu gukora amasaha yanditsweho amasaha, imigozi hamwe n'ingingo, n'ibindi. Umubare munini w'amasaha ahendutse akozwe mu imbunda (umuringa wa tin-zinc), cyangwa ushyizwemo ifeza ya nikel (umuringa wera).Amasaha amwe azwi akozwe mubyuma n'umuringa.Umwongereza “Big Ben” akoresha inkoni ikomeye yimbunda kumaboko yisaha hamwe numuyoboro wumuringa ufite uburebure bwa metero 14 kumunota.Uruganda rukora amasaha agezweho, rufite umuringa wumuringa nkibikoresho byingenzi, bitunganijwe hamwe na mashini hamwe nuburyo buboneye, birashobora gutanga amasaha 10,000 kugeza 30.000 kumunsi ku giciro gito cyane.
Gukoresha Umuringa mu nganda zimiti
Mu nganda zimiti, ibikoresho byose byo guhumeka, guteka na vacuum bikozwe mumuringa usukuye.Mubikoresho byubuvuzi, zinc cupronickel ikoreshwa cyane.Umuringa wumuringa nawo ni ibintu bisanzwe kumurongo wikurikiranwa nibindi.